· Seek immediate medical attention if symptoms such as abnormal urination or difficulty urinating occur. · Once diagnosed, catheterization should be performed first to restore urination. · After catheter placement, drink plenty of water and keep the catheter position lower than the bladder.
· Commonly referred to as "urinary incontinence," it can occur at any age. · Most cases can be cured with early lifestyle interventions and medication. · The condition is prone to recurrence and requires regular follow-up examinations.
· Seek medical attention promptly, severe cases require hospitalization. · Treatment options include conservative observation, interventional therapy, or open surgery based on the condition. · Avoid smoking and alcohol, maintain a light diet, and refrain from spicy foods.
‧ If a lump is felt in the abdominal or waist area, seek medical attention promptly. ‧ If malignant, undergo surgical removal followed by chemotherapy as soon as diagnosed. ‧ It can be cured with regular post-operative check-ups.
· Both benign and malignant diseases are possible, it is recommended to seek medical attention to clarify the cause. · The key is targeted treatment, severe cases may require surgery. · Avoid prolonged sitting and keep the private area clean and dry.
· Yellow semen is not necessarily caused by disease. · Prolonged abstinence can lead to yellow semen. · If accompanied by discomfort or pain during urination, prompt diagnosis is advised.
‧ Symptoms such as frequent urination, urgency, dysuria, and discomfort in the waist and abdomen may be observed. ‧ Medical consultation is recommended, and surgical treatment may be necessary in some cases. ‧ Drinking plenty of water and avoiding holding urine are effective preventive measures.
· Seek medical attention promptly, with hospitalization for severe cases. · Emergency catheterization or tube insertion may be required in some situations. · Drink plenty of water, quit smoking and alcohol, and avoid urinary tract infections.
· Not an emergency, but seek medical attention if persistent. · Often related to emotions, but can also be caused by infections, tumors, etc. · Manage stress daily and limit alcohol and coffee intake.
· Persistent or acute testicular pain should be promptly evaluated by a doctor. · Local inflammation and injury are common causes. · Preventing testicular trauma can help avoid these issues.
· It does not affect kidney function and will not become cancerous. · In principle, those with a diameter less than 5 cm do not require surgery. · It does not heal on its own; asymptomatic small cysts require regular ultrasound follow-ups.
· Semen remains in a gel-like state for up to 60 minutes after ejaculation. · It affects sperm motility and is a common cause of male infertility. · There is no specific treatment; management focuses on addressing the underlying cause and symptomatic relief.
· Seek medical attention promptly if itching or pain occurs · Pathological scrotal dampness may be caused by chronic prostatitis · Adjust daily habits: avoid tight underwear and prolonged sitting
· Early-stage renal pelvis cancer usually presents with painless hematuria. · Surgery is the only potentially curative treatment. · It is prone to concurrent bladder cancer, requiring postoperative intravesical chemotherapy.
- The most common malignant kidney tumor, usually unilateral. - May present with the classic triad of hematuria, pain, and abdominal mass. - Surgical resection is the primary treatment.
· Seek medical attention promptly to assess the condition and take appropriate measures. · Depending on the condition, options may include observation, intervention, or surgery. · Pay attention to rest, exercise, and work-life balance, and schedule regular follow-ups.
· Recommended to seek medical attention, hospitalization is required. · Preferred treatment options include radioactive iodine therapy or surgical intervention. · Avoid iodine-rich diet unless pregnant or breastfeeding.
· It is recommended to seek medical attention to determine the type of disease. · Radioactive iodine therapy or surgery can cure this condition. · It cannot be prevented, only detected and treated early.
‧ It is recommended to seek medical attention, and surgery is advised after diagnosis. ‧ Thyroid cancer rarely threatens life and responds well to treatment. ‧ Long-term thyroid hormone replacement is required after surgery, with regular follow-up check-ups.
‧ It is recommended to seek medical attention for common benign thyroid conditions. ‧ Mild cases are primarily observed, with medication or surgical treatment if symptoms appear. ‧ Currently, there are no effective preventive measures, so early detection and treatment are key.
· It is the most common cystic lesion in the neck. · Caused by the failure of the thyroglossal duct to degenerate or incomplete degeneration. · Surgical treatment is the only effective therapy.
· Under normal circumstances, cervical lymph nodes are usually not palpable. · Once swollen lymph nodes are detected, the underlying cause should be actively identified. · There is no effective symptomatic relief method—targeted treatment of the cause is essential.
· Seek medical advice; avoid breast massage therapy. · Antibiotics and abscess drainage may be used; complete duct excision if necessary. · Quitting smoking reduces the risk of recurrent infections.
· May or may not cause hyperparathyroidism. · Simple cyst aspiration and drainage treatment is prone to recurrence. · Asymptomatic, nonfunctional cysts < 4 cm can be monitored.
- It is a malignant tumor, and hospitalization is recommended as soon as possible. - Surgery is the primary treatment, supplemented by radiotherapy, chemotherapy, etc. - It is recommended to maintain a regular schedule, regulate emotions, and follow a scientific diet.
‧ It is recommended to seek medical attention, severe cases require hospitalization. ‧ Use non-iodized salt is advised, and reduce intake of high-iodine seafood like kelp. ‧ Diffuse toxic goiter is the primary cause.
· Common causes include iodine deficiency and ingestion of goitrogenic substances. · It can be classified into simple goiter, toxic goiter, etc. · Treatment includes eliminating the cause, medication, surgery, etc.
· It is recommended to seek medical consultation to rule out certain diseases. · Depending on the severity of the pain, consider physical therapy or medication. · Maintain a low-fat diet and reduce caffeine intake in daily life.
· May be related to the menstrual cycle or may persist. · Could be caused by conditions such as breast hyperplasia, fibroadenoma, or breast cancer. · Seek medical attention promptly if there is rapid enlargement, nipple discharge, or abnormal skin changes.
· It is recommended to seek medical attention promptly when a breast lump is discovered to obtain a clear diagnosis. · It does not become malignant, but surgical removal may be considered if the lump is large or causes severe symptoms. · If it is difficult to distinguish from other conditions, a biopsy (via needle aspiration or excision) may be performed for confirmation.
· Seek medical attention for non-emergency cases when discomfort or aesthetic concerns arise. · It is a congenital deformity unrelated to bra-wearing habits, age, etc. · Avoid frequent squeezing; conduct regular self-checks and seek prompt medical care if changes occur.
‧ Disease progression may compress the trachea, seek medical attention promptly. ‧ Treatment includes antibiotic therapy and surgical incision to drain pus. ‧ Preventing colds and boosting immunity can help prevent it.
· The vulva is an area located between the roots of the two thighs. · Vulvar bumps are just a common term and can be caused by various diseases. · It is best to seek medical attention promptly for a doctor to diagnose the specific condition.
· Most cases can heal on their own; seek medical treatment if symptoms are severe. · Generally, moisturizing and sun protection are sufficient; topical steroid ointments may be used if necessary. · No dietary restrictions, but it is advisable to minimize contact with rough objects like sand and soil.
· Generally no treatment is needed · Seek medical attention promptly if experiencing vulvar itching or abnormal vaginal discharge · Maintaining vulvar hygiene and changing clothes frequently can reduce the risk of infection
· It is recommended to seek medical attention, as some patients require antiviral treatment. · Commonly treated with nucleoside drugs or interferon therapy, but a complete cure is not yet possible. · Highly contagious; vaccination can prevent infection.
· It is recommended to seek medical treatment for periodontal therapy to eliminate the cause and alleviate symptoms. · Severe cases may require periodontal repair and systemic antibiotic treatment. · Preventing AIDS can avoid HIV gingivitis.
‧ It is recommended to seek medical attention to assess the degree of vascular stenosis. ‧ Surgical treatment can be performed after the condition stabilizes to restore blood supply. ‧ Avoiding infections and controlling high blood pressure can help reduce the occurrence of this condition.
· Seek medical advice, as untreated organ involvement will progressively worsen. · There is no cure; symptom and disease management primarily rely on medication. · It affects fertility—consult a doctor before pregnancy.
· Medical consultation is recommended; most autoimmune diseases cannot be completely cured · Treatment involves glucocorticoids or immunosuppressants · Preventing colds and taking medication on time can help avoid recurrence
· Symptoms include dry mouth, dry eyes, lack of tears, etc. · Maintain a light diet and consume more liquid-based foods. · Prone to complications like tumors, and there is currently no cure.
· Seek medical attention promptly to identify and avoid the causative factors. · Treatments such as cold spray, cold compress, intense pulsed light, and medication may be used. · Daily care should focus on moisturizing and strict sun protection.
· Avoiding seafood is the only way to prevent seafood allergies. · The most common symptom of a seafood allergy is skin reactions like rashes. · Mild symptoms may resolve on their own, while severe cases require immediate medical attention.
· Commonly occurs in large joints such as knees, ankles, elbows, and wrists. · Often accompanied by carditis and requires prompt treatment. · Antibiotic treatment is recommended to reduce the risk of rheumatic fever.
· Rheumatic immune diseases are often preceded by pharyngotonsillitis. · They are related to the environment, but dampness itself does not cause rheumatic fever. · Thoroughly curing streptococcal infections can effectively prevent rheumatic fever.
· It is recommended to seek medical attention, and hospitalization may be necessary if symptoms are severe. · Long-term antibiotic and immunosuppressive therapy is crucial. · Rheumatic chorea does not affect fertility.
· Classic triad: inflammation of local joints, eyes, and urethra. · Hospitalization is recommended for further examination and treatment. · The prognosis is generally good after treatment, with no sequelae in the joints.
· Timely and accurate diagnosis, followed by prompt and appropriate treatment. · Actively treat the underlying disease causing Raynaud's syndrome. · Keeping warm and maintaining a cheerful mood can effectively prevent symptoms.
· May experience joint pain, stiffness, and swelling, which improves with activity. · Mild to moderate cases can be treated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. · Strictly control weight, quit smoking and limit alcohol, avoid infections and trauma.
· It is recommended to seek medical attention promptly and undergo active treatment. · Hematopoietic stem cell or bone marrow transplantation can improve immune function. · Conduct immune deficiency screening before pregnancy.
· It is an autoimmune disease. · Common symptoms include muscle pain and muscle weakness. · Most cases can be relieved with glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants.
· It is recommended to seek medical attention to relieve muscle pain in multiple areas. · Glucocorticoids are the preferred treatment. · There are currently no effective preventive measures.
· It is recommended to seek medical attention, and severe cases require hospitalization. · Usually requires taking glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants. · The treatment course is relatively long, about 1 year, but recurrence is unlikely.
‧ It is recommended to seek medical attention to clarify the cause, as severe cases can be life-threatening. ‧ Treat the underlying disease, promptly expel phlegm, and provide oxygen if necessary. ‧ Vaccinations such as pneumococcal vaccines help prevent infections.
· It is recommended to seek medical treatment, with medication as the main approach. · It is somewhat contagious, and infected individuals need to be isolated. · Getting vaccinated against pneumonia can effectively prevent some infectious pneumonias.
· Seek medical attention promptly; severe cases can be fatal. · Typically treated with medication; surgery may be required if medication is ineffective or for severe cases. · After recovery, engage in appropriate exercise to strengthen immunity and prevent recurrence.
· Seek medical attention promptly; untreated cases can lead to difficulty breathing. · During acute episodes, rest in bed and call 120 for emergency assistance immediately. · Administer the BCG vaccine to infants and young children on schedule.
· Dizziness worsens, seek medical attention promptly if consciousness is unclear. · The focus of treatment is to reassure and calm the patient. · Practice abdominal breathing regularly in daily life.
· For moderate to massive hemoptysis, lie on the left side and seek emergency assistance immediately. · For minor hemoptysis, oral cough suppressants can be taken to avoid coughing. · Most cases are caused by bronchial or pulmonary diseases, with targeted treatment being crucial.
· A general term used by the public for inflammatory symptoms in the body. · It is a colloquialism; there is no medical diagnosis for "shanghuo" (internal heat). · Different symptoms require different treatments—avoid blindly "removing heat."
· Highly contagious, requires self-isolation, hospitalization for severe cases. · Treatment includes antiviral, symptomatic, and complication management. · Getting a flu vaccine is a good preventive measure.
• Severe and persistent dry cough that cannot be relieved on its own requires prompt medical attention. • Post-infection lingering is the most common cause. • For children with dry cough, be alert for possible foreign body aspiration.
· It is a self-limiting disease and usually does not require treatment. · If symptoms persist for more than a week without improvement, seek medical attention promptly. · Maintain ventilation and keep the temperature comfortable, avoiding excessive cold or heat.
· It is recommended to seek medical attention to clarify the cause and avoid affecting cardiopulmonary function. · Treatment is divided into conservative treatment and surgical treatment. · Supplementing calcium and vitamin D in infants and young children helps prevent it.
· A disease characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness and reversible airflow limitation. · Symptoms include episodic wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. · Symptoms can be completely relieved with medication treatment.
‧ Manifested as hoarseness or even loss of voice, coughing with phlegm, etc. ‧ Mainly treated symptomatically, including vocal rest and nebulization therapy. ‧ Avoid catching cold and prolonged voice use.
· The lips may develop a distinctive cherry-red color. · The patient should be immediately moved to an area with fresh air. · Seek emergency medical treatment as soon as possible.
· Seek medical attention as soon as possible; hospitalization is required. · There is no specific treatment, but vaccination can prevent it. · It is contagious; avoid contact with infected individuals.
· Seek medical attention as soon as possible. Severe cases require hospitalization. · There is usually no specific medication, with treatment mainly focusing on symptom relief. · Patients should preferably undergo isolated treatment and avoid going out.
· The probability of a child using their own cord blood is very low. · Paying to store cord blood privately offers very poor cost-effectiveness. · It is recommended that parents donate cord blood.
· Pregnancy can be determined using early pregnancy test strips, blood tests, or ultrasound. · Don't stress too much about pregnancy; seek psychological counseling if necessary. · Promptly check for any other health conditions you may have.
· Velamentous placenta is an abnormal insertion of the umbilical cord into the placenta. · There is currently no clear medical cause or definitive prevention method. · Seek immediate medical attention if there are abnormal fetal movements, bleeding, or contractions.
· Seek medical advice, severe cases require hospitalization. · Treat according to the cause, can be cured. · During pregnancy, fetal protection is needed to prevent increased blood accumulation.
· A retroverted uterus combined with other gynecological conditions may lead to infertility. · A retroverted uterus generally does not affect the choice of delivery method. · Pregnancy in women with a retroverted uterus has no impact on the fetus.
· Seek medical attention promptly if symptoms are severe or accompanied by fever or other symptoms. · If necessary, smectite can be taken to relieve diarrhea without affecting the baby. · Avoid eating raw, undercooked, greasy, or high-sugar foods.
· Refers to a pregnancy that has reached or exceeded 42 weeks without delivery. · May lead to difficult labor, neonatal diseases, and death. · Labor can be induced after 41 weeks of pregnancy to avoid post-term pregnancy.
· Seek medical attention promptly if lochia persists or is abnormal. · Normal lochia is odorless and should disappear within 4–6 weeks. · Maintain hygiene during lochia, and avoid sexual intercourse and tub baths.
• Seek medical attention promptly if pain persists despite not being an emergency. • Associated with hormonal changes during pregnancy, obesity, and abnormal childbirth. • Avoid excessive bending and reduce intake of greasy and high-sugar foods.
· Regular prenatal check-ups; seek medical treatment when necessary. · No intervention needed for abnormal fetal position before 30 weeks. · Avoid deliberate bed rest during pregnancy and maintain reasonable weight control.
· Refers to newborns with a birth weight ≥4000 grams (8 pounds). · Gestational diabetes is one of the common causes of macrosomia. · If there are no symptoms or accompanying diseases, hospitalization is not required.
· Non-instrumental, drug-free self-administered labor pain relief methods. · Recommended to start practicing from 7 months of pregnancy or even earlier. · Can be practiced in any environment.
· Can only be performed after evaluation and judgment by a professional obstetrician-gynecologist. · Inform the doctor promptly if there is any discomfort after the induced abortion. · Women who undergo mid-term induced abortion should wait 6 months to 1 year before preparing for pregnancy again.
· Contractions accompanied by abdominal pain or vaginal bleeding/discharge require immediate medical attention. · Irregular contractions, varying in intensity, without pain. · Lying on the left side can help relieve false contractions.
· It is recommended to seek medical attention, and severe cases require hospitalization for fetal protection treatment. · For mild symptoms, bed rest is sufficient. · Avoid overexertion, staying up late, and sexual activity.
- Suspect pregnancy if menstruation does not occur normally for more than 10 days with sexual activity. - Be alert for early pregnancy when experiencing amenorrhea along with oil aversion and morning vomiting. - The first prenatal check-up can be scheduled between 6 to 8 weeks.
· Persistent depressive symptoms require prompt medical attention. · Self-assessment for depression is available in the "Introduction" section. · Practice self-regulation in daily life by actively cultivating hobbies and interests.
· Moderate anxiety has no impact on the human body. · Anxiety self-assessment can be tried in the "Introduction" section. · Persistent excessive anxiety that cannot be relieved requires timely medical attention.
· Seek medical attention promptly; hospitalization is required for severe cases. · Medication combined with psychotherapy aids in recovery. · Proper psychological counseling is important; consult a psychologist if needed.
· Seek medical attention when it significantly affects quality of life. · Includes medication therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy. · Developing good sleep hygiene habits can prevent it.
· Can significantly interfere with daily life, early medical consultation is recommended. · A chronic mental disorder, often requiring medication combined with psychotherapy. · Communicating with others and expressing emotions appropriately can slow disease progression.
· Seek medical consultation promptly if suspicious symptoms appear. · Consider combining psychotherapy with antidepressant medication. · Adhere to long-term treatment—proactive treatment yields better results.
· Seek prompt medical attention when repeated scratching causes skin lesions. · Psychotherapy is the primary approach, with cognitive behavioral therapy showing proven efficacy. · It is advisable to relax and focus on managing mental stress.
· It is recommended to seek medical attention, with a good prognosis. · Cognitive intervention and aversion therapy may be effective. · Symptoms generally improve with age.
· It is recommended to seek medical attention as it affects children's health and can be life-threatening in severe cases. · Treatment primarily focuses on behavioral therapy in psychotherapy. · In daily life, pay attention to children's balanced nutrition and mental health.
· Severe cases may lead to mental disability, medical attention is advised. · Psychological treatment is required, and medication may be necessary for severe cases. · Learning to be flexible and avoiding rigid thinking can help prevent it.
· It is now mostly classified under conditions such as depression and anxiety disorders. · People who frequently use their brains or experience prolonged mental tension are more prone to it. · It is often accompanied by certain psychological or mental illness symptoms.
‧ Seek medical advice when unable to control repeated nail-biting. ‧ Mild cases may resolve without treatment, while severe cases require active intervention. ‧ Onychophagia may be a psychological disorder and could be partially hereditary.
· Have psychological functional impairment, psychological distress, or social functional impairment. · Psychological disorders are mental illnesses that require timely treatment. · Treatment methods include medication, psychotherapy, and physical therapy.
‧ It is recommended to seek medical attention as early as possible for better treatment outcomes. ‧ Educational intervention is the primary approach, and the timing of intervention affects treatment effectiveness. ‧ Provide the child with respect, care, and proper, patient guidance.
· Only symptomatic treatment is available, with the goal of maintaining daytime alertness. · Modafinil is the first-line recommended medication for this condition. · Avoid driving vehicles, operating hazardous or precision machinery.
• Seek immediate medical attention for first-time seizures or injuries during convulsions. • In adults, seizures are mainly secondary to brain or systemic diseases. • Epilepsy patients should take antiepileptic drugs as prescribed and attend regular follow-ups.
‧ Seek medical advice, severe cases require hospitalization. ‧ There is currently no specific treatment, and it is generally not hereditary. ‧ Eating more fresh leafy greens can help improve the condition.
· May lead to growth retardation, pica, etc. · Blood tests cannot diagnose all cases of zinc deficiency. · Mild zinc excess usually has no side effects.
· A rare genetic disorder, medical attention is advised as soon as possible. · Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is the preferred treatment method. · Pre-marital genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis can help prevent it.
· The prognosis is very poor, requiring early detection and appropriate treatment. · Surgical treatment may be considered for severe aortic stenosis. · Pre-pregnancy genetic counseling, prenatal genetic testing, and eugenics.
· Requires evaluation in the intensive care unit and prompt treatment. · Surgical intervention is needed as early as possible after diagnosis. · Postoperative children must take medication as prescribed and attend regular follow-up examinations.
· Seek medical attention if there is an increasing trend of white spots or if it affects the baby's eating. · Use medication appropriately and avoid random use of anti-inflammatory drugs, hormones, or other medications. · Maintain oral hygiene and strengthen physical fitness to effectively prevent it.
· It is recommended to seek medical attention promptly. Generally, no treatment is needed, but regular follow-up is required. · Most cases resolve and disappear on their own within 3 to 6 months. · Standard prenatal care and avoiding infections can reduce the occurrence of this condition.
· A rare and serious disease, medical attention is advised as soon as possible. · There is no specific treatment, with a focus on symptom relief and preventing complications. · Prevention includes vaccination and avoiding contact with measles patients.
· Seek medical advice, commonly seen in immunocompromised individuals. · Typically treated with penicillin-based medications in a standardized and full-course regimen. · Maintain regular sleep schedule and avoid excessive fatigue.
· Rare genetic disease, medical consultation recommended, hospitalization required. · No effective treatment available; falls, bedsores, etc., must be avoided. · Those with family history require prenatal diagnosis and genetic counseling.
‧ It is recommended to seek medical attention as early as possible for better prognosis. ‧ Treatment should be tailored to individual needs with personalized plans. ‧ Regular developmental screenings for children can aid in early detection.
· Seek medical advice, severe cases can be life-threatening and require hospitalization. · Promote breastfeeding, initiate early, encourage frequent suckling, and ensure warmth. · Maintain balanced nutrition during pregnancy and attend regular prenatal check-ups.
· Seek medical advice; it is a rare, genetic disease. · Incurable, but manageable with proper treatment. · Strictly limit dietary intake of plant sterols.
· Mostly occurs in developing children and has been largely eradicated in China. · Can cause developmental disorders, short stature, and joint deformities. · Avoid eating moldy grains and supplement selenium in moderation.
· Seek medical attention promptly, exercise, reduce mental stress, and receive symptomatic treatment. · With appropriate treatment, the vast majority can recover their health. · Ensure proper ventilation in living spaces and avoid dampness.
· Common electrolyte disorders include sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus imbalances. · Medical consultation is recommended, with hospitalization required for severe cases. · Symptomatic correction of electrolyte disturbances is needed, along with treatment of the underlying cause.
· Various diseases can cause damage to the nerves controlling the vocal cords. · Symptoms include hoarseness, weak voice, shortness of breath, and choking cough. · Avoid smoking, alcohol, spicy foods, harmful gases, and dust, and minimize talking.
· Generally does not require medical consultation. · Drug treatment effects are usually limited, and surgical outcomes remain uncertain. · Regular saline nasal rinses and avoiding exposure to triggering factors are recommended.
· Seek medical attention promptly if abnormal tongue manifestations are noticed. · Treatment primarily involves surgery, supplemented by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. · It is advisable to quit smoking and alcohol, avoid chewing betel nut, and reduce consumption of hot foods.
· Seek medical attention promptly if there are outward protrusions or non-healing ulcers. · Long-term smoking, alcohol consumption, and betel nut chewing increase the risk of disease. · Early to mid-stage treatment involves surgery, while advanced stages focus on comprehensive therapy.
‧ Benign lesion, will not become cancerous, medical consultation is advised. ‧ Surgery is the primary treatment, supplemented by medication and other methods. ‧ Avoiding vocal abuse is key to prevention.
· A common benign vocal cord lesion that can cause hoarseness. · Often associated with prolonged or excessive talking. · The preferred treatment for vocal cord nodules is speech therapy, not surgery.
· Seek medical attention for dizziness to obtain a clear diagnosis. · Severe cases or acute phases may require hormone or antiviral therapy. · During dizziness episodes, bed rest is recommended.
· Inflammation and trauma are the main causes. · Affects hearing and can easily lead to otitis media; medical attention is recommended. · Keep the ear canal clean and avoid water entering it.
· Caused by infections from viruses, bacteria, etc., leading to tonsil inflammation. · Main symptoms include sore throat, cough, pain when swallowing, etc. · Acute tonsillitis is contagious, so isolation precautions should be taken.
‧ Seek medical advice to rule out other conditions; severe cases may require tonsillectomy. ‧ Medication is generally unnecessary; it is not contagious or hereditary. ‧ Avoid alcohol, brush and rinse frequently, and refrain from consuming irritating foods.
· Usually indicates severe airway obstruction, seek medical attention immediately. · Commonly seen in patients with COPD, heart failure, or foreign body airway obstruction. · Daily precautions vary depending on the underlying cause.
· Most patients have no obvious symptoms. · It needs to be distinguished from ankylosing spondylitis. · Avoid overtreatment.
· Caused by the spread of cancer cells from other parts of the body to the bone tissue. · Symptoms include bone pain, limited mobility, and an increased risk of pathological fractures. · Treatment options include medication and surgery, with prognosis varying from person to person.
· It is recommended to seek medical attention, and hospitalization may be necessary for severe cases. · Early treatment with cast correction is highly effective. · Engage in more exercises to strengthen the muscles and ligaments of the lower limbs and feet.
· In case of upper limb joint dislocation, it is recommended to seek medical attention as soon as possible. · Treatment mainly involves manual reduction and immobilization, with surgical intervention if necessary. · Preventive measures include thorough warm-up before exercise and taking precautions to prevent falls.
· Cannot heal on its own, medical attention is advised, severe cases require hospitalization. · Surgery is the primary treatment method, difficult to cure. · Avoid strenuous activities, excessive bending, prolonged walking, etc.
· Fractures caused by repeated gravitational load stimulation. · Commonly seen in track and field athletes, ballet dancers, and military personnel. · The fracture gradually occurs and worsens unknowingly.
· Usually self-healing, seek medical attention if symptoms persist for over 1 week. · Treatment involves activity restriction and local heat application. · Prevention includes keeping the neck warm and maintaining proper sleeping posture.
· Seek medical advice to determine the injury and obtain a clear diagnosis. · Apply ice in the early stages of a joint sprain and heat in the later stages. · Warm up properly before exercise and wear protective gear for joints.
· It is recommended to seek medical attention, as benign cases can be cured. · Depending on the tumor type, treatments such as surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy may be chosen. · Eating high-protein foods and nutrient-rich fruits and vegetables can aid in recovery.
· Do not move the patient unnecessarily, call 120 for emergency assistance immediately. · Depending on the condition, conservative treatment or surgery may be used. · Actively perform back patting to expel phlegm, muscle massage, and rehabilitation exercises.
· It is recommended to seek medical attention promptly, and hospitalization is generally not required. · No surgical treatment is needed; manual reduction is sufficient. · Avoid forcibly pulling the child's forearm in daily life.
· Seek medical advice, hospitalization may be required for severe cases. · Schedule regular check-ups, patients need periodic follow-up examinations. · Avoid high-intensity activities and supplement with vitamin D and calcium appropriately.
· Seek early medical attention if knee pain occurs without reason. · Focus on adjusting exercise habits and symptomatic drug treatment. · No special dietary restrictions—maintain a balanced diet.
· Sudden eyelid swelling that is not transient requires immediate medical attention. · Kidney-related eye swelling is more pronounced in the morning, while heart-related swelling worsens in the evening. · In children, eye swelling is commonly caused by acute nephritis or allergic conditions.
‧ It is recommended to seek medical attention to avoid complications caused by delayed treatment. ‧ The most basic treatment method is to use eye drops or ointment. ‧ Those who have not fully recovered should not wear contact lenses on their own.
· Seek medical attention promptly; it's benign and won't become cancerous. · No treatment is needed if asymptomatic; surgery is usually the only treatment option. · Maintain a low-fat diet and undergo regular check-ups.
· Seek medical advice if experiencing symptoms such as eye pain, tearing, or photophobia. · Can heal on its own, but medication can speed up recovery. · Reduce UV exposure and avoid eye strain.
· Most cases can resolve on their own without treatment. · It may be caused by an underlying condition or poor eye hygiene. · Avoid using anticoagulants like aspirin.
· It is recommended to seek timely treatment, preferably before the age of 12. · Small deviations can be treated with prism glasses, while some cases may require surgery. · Typically, patients can be discharged the day after surgery, with a low probability of recurrence.
• It is actually a complex genetic disease. • Symptoms include night blindness, progressive narrowing of the visual field, and declining vision. • There is currently no cure, but some associated conditions can be treated.
· The cause is unknown, often related to age and environmental factors. · Yellow-white plaques appear on the eyeball, usually without discomfort. · Generally no treatment is needed; surgical removal may be considered if it severely affects appearance.
‧ It is recommended to seek medical attention, as standardized antibiotic treatment can completely cure the condition. ‧ For localized abscess formation, incision and drainage are required. ‧ Maintain eye hygiene and avoid cross-infection.
· Wear corneal contact lenses for vision correction while sleeping. · Vision correction is only temporary and cannot be permanent. · Professional testing is required before wearing.
· Seek medical attention as soon as possible, most cases require hospitalization. · Treatment varies depending on the cause, with focus on addressing the root cause. · No special dietary restrictions, but it's advisable to rest with eyes closed more often.
· Seek medical attention promptly if there is a sudden increase or discharge with pus or blood. · It may be related to conditions such as eye strain, conjunctivitis, or lacrimal duct obstruction. · Avoid prolonged, intense eye use and maintain good eye hygiene.
‧ Swelling of the upper eyelid is common, medical attention is advised. ‧ In early stages, warm compresses can help; if persistent, surgical treatment may be needed. ‧ Maintain eyelid margin hygiene to aid prevention.
‧ Patients with significant aortic dilation should consider surgical treatment. ‧ There is no effective cure. ‧ Moderate recreational exercise is recommended, while strenuous activity should be minimized.
· Seek medical attention immediately. · Avoid eye strain; early use of Idebenone is recommended. · It is hereditary; patients and carriers should undergo prenatal testing.
· It is prone to repeated relapses and can eventually lead to blindness, requiring timely treatment. · The main treatment is antiviral therapy, and severe cases may require surgery. · Eat more foods rich in vitamin A and maintain good eye hygiene.
‧ Hematologic malignancies, immediate medical attention is advised. ‧ Chemotherapy is the primary treatment, with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation considered if necessary. ‧ Eat small, frequent meals, avoid infections and injuries, and maintain an optimistic outlook.
· A treatment method using chemical drugs to combat cancer and tuberculosis. · Can improve the 5-year survival rate and quality of life for cancer patients. · Side effects include hair loss, nausea and vomiting, bone marrow suppression, etc.
· High malignancy, poor prognosis, requires prompt medical attention. · The main treatment for this disease is surgical intervention. · Practice sun protection and maintain vulvar hygiene, with regular gynecological examinations.
· Smoking is a major risk factor for small cell lung cancer. · Common symptoms include cough, hemoptysis, and chest pain. · Treatment can only improve patients' quality of life, and the prognosis is poor.
‧ Seek medical attention as soon as possible, as it is a malignant tumor with typically poor treatment outcomes. ‧ Early-stage patients may achieve radical cure through surgery, while mid-to-late stages require comprehensive treatment. ‧ Cherish life and stay away from tobacco.
· It is recommended to seek medical attention, and hospitalization may be required for severe cases. · Treatment primarily involves surgical resection and radiotherapy. · There is a genetic risk, and genetic counseling is advised.
‧ Malignant tumors should seek medical attention immediately upon discovery. ‧ Treatment requires a multidisciplinary approach including surgery and ablation. ‧ Regular follow-up is essential, and a long-term high-fat, high-protein diet should be avoided.
‧ Prompt treatment is necessary, as early intervention leads to better survival rates. ‧ Treatment primarily involves surgery and radiotherapy, followed by regular follow-up examinations. ‧ Maintain oral hygiene, quit smoking, limit alcohol, and avoid betel nut consumption.
‧ Seek medical attention early; hospitalization is required. ‧ Treatment primarily involves surgery, combined with chemotherapy or radiotherapy. ‧ Avoid both active and passive smoking in daily life.
‧ It is a malignant tumor, and it is recommended to seek medical attention as soon as possible. ‧ Radiation therapy is usually the first choice, and surgery and chemotherapy may also be required. ‧ Regular check-ups can help with early detection and improve survival rates.
‧ It is a rare malignant tumor, prompt medical attention is advised. ‧ Treatment mainly involves radiotherapy and surgical resection, with follow-up examinations required post-treatment. ‧ Avoid prolonged mask-wearing and nose-picking; quitting smoking as soon as possible is recommended.
‧ Malignant tumor occurring in plasma cells, requires prompt medical attention. ‧ Treatments include chemotherapy, radiotherapy, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, etc. ‧ Has genetic predisposition but is not an inherited disease, allowing for reproduction.
· Severe symptoms require immediate medical attention upon discovery. · Surgical repair of the fistula is often necessary. · Preventing obstetric-related urinary fistulas is crucial.
· Not an emergency, but seek medical attention promptly if symptoms persist long-term. · Often caused by depression, poor diet, or various gynecological conditions. · Maintain a healthy diet and lifestyle, and schedule regular check-ups.
· Seek medical attention promptly when hot flashes interfere with daily life. · Often occurs in the afternoon, presenting with elevated body temperature and facial flushing. · A light diet and moderate exercise can help alleviate symptoms.
· Once it occurs, seek medical attention immediately to determine the cause. · Uterine fibroids are one of the most common causes. · Maintain daily personal hygiene and change sanitary pads frequently.
· Seek medical attention promptly when experiencing recurrent or persistent vaginal dryness. · Possible causes include high stress levels or taking anti-estrogen medications. · Vaginal dryness can lead to symptoms like decreased libido and painful intercourse.
· Seek medical attention as soon as possible; see a doctor immediately if menstruation stops. · Generally requires surgical treatment, with contraception needed for at least two years. · Monitor menstruation and vaginal discharge; seek immediate medical care if abnormalities occur.
· It is recommended to visit the hospital for evaluation of the cause and treatment. · Pregnancy-related constipation is temporary and may require little or no treatment. · Prevention is key, which can involve dietary adjustments and medication intervention.
· Irregular vaginal bleeding after menopause. · Once it occurs, prompt medical attention is needed to determine the cause. · Postmenopausal bleeding caused by malignant diseases requires surgery.
· Seek medical attention promptly. · Common symptoms include abdominal pain, bloating, infertility, and menstrual abnormalities. · Initiate anti-tuberculosis treatment early and adhere to sufficient dosage and full course.
· Mostly benign, but often associated with other malignant tumors; medical consultation is required. · More common in postmenopausal women; can secrete estrogen and affect fertility. · Surgery is the first-line treatment, with different surgical options available based on fertility needs.
‧ A benign tumor that does not secrete hormones. ‧ Commonly occurs in postmenopausal women, often discovered during physical examinations. ‧ Can be surgically removed with a favorable prognosis.
· If you have had unprotected sex recently and the delay is >10 days, pregnancy is possible · It could also be due to endocrine disorders, ovarian diseases, or other factors · Occasional delays are not a concern, but frequent delays should prompt a medical visit
• Determine whether it is physiological or pathological. • Seek medical attention promptly if accompanied by abnormal mental state. • Pathological tremor requires treatment targeting the underlying cause.
· Caused by cerebrovascular diseases, intracranial trauma, intracranial infections, etc. · Symptoms include headache, vomiting, visual disturbances, limb paralysis, etc. · Mainly treated with medication and surgery.
· Seek medical attention promptly if symptoms like headache occur after head trauma. · Treatment focuses on symptomatic relief and nourishing nerve cells, with a high chance of cure. · Early recovery diet should include liquid, high-fiber foods and protein supplementation.
· It is recommended to seek medical attention, often caused by poor posture and usually reversible. · Main treatments include correcting posture, exercise, orthotics, and surgery. · Regular prenatal check-ups during pregnancy and avoiding abnormal deliveries can help prevent it.
· It is recommended to seek medical attention early to prevent the condition from worsening. · Severe cases may require surgery and can be cured. · In daily life, avoid keeping the hands and wrists in the same position for extended periods.
· Seek medical attention promptly to determine whether the tumor is benign or malignant. · Malignant tumors require surgical treatment combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. · Post-surgery diet should be low in salt, oil, and avoid preserved foods.
· Seek medical attention early; most cases require hospitalization. · Treatment involves anti-infection measures and symptomatic care; early intervention is often curable. · Patients are advised to consume a high-calorie, high-protein, and high-vitamin diet.
· Malignant tumors should be treated as soon as possible upon discovery. · Treatment primarily involves surgical resection, often combined with radiation and chemotherapy. · Patients should adhere to treatment and follow-up, and actively engage in neurological rehabilitation.
‧ Severe cases may cause limb numbness and weakness; medical attention is advised. ‧ Most cases can be improved with medication or physical therapy; surgery may be necessary if required. ‧ Protect the cervical spine and avoid neck injuries.
‧ Severe headache with confusion requires immediate hospitalization. ‧ Mild cases should avoid standing and adhere to bed rest. ‧ Non-contagious, non-hereditary; surgery is needed if conservative treatment fails.
‧ Sudden onset, seek medical attention promptly. ‧ Best to receive thrombolytic therapy within 4.5 hours of onset. ‧ Quit smoking, limit alcohol, and check cholesterol and blood lipids annually.
· It is recommended to seek medical attention promptly; mild cases usually do not require hospitalization. · Generally requires physical training, medication, etc. · Cannot self-heal, lasts a lifetime, early treatment can improve quality of life.
· The central nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord. · It includes conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, encephalitis, and cerebral infarction. · Patients requiring long-term medication should undergo regular check-ups and should not stop taking their medication on their own.
· May cause hearing loss, early medical consultation is recommended. · Mainly treated with surgery, complete tumor removal. · Avoid air travel and diving for 3 months post-surgery.
· Commonly known as a vegetative state, caused by severe hypoxic brain injury. · Has breathing, heartbeat, sleep, and wakefulness, but lacks consciousness. · Although there is a possibility of recovery, it is extremely low.
· Referred pain often indicates visceral and intestinal lesions. · The location of referred pain may be unrelated to the primary disease. · Prompt medical attention is needed to identify the cause.
- Sudden, transient episodes of loss of consciousness. - The episodes are usually brief, often lasting only a few seconds. - Primarily caused by reduced blood flow to the brain.
· Manifested as coughing while drinking, nystagmus, unsteady walking, etc. · May be caused by chronic diseases, smoking, etc. · Mainly treated symptomatically with anticoagulant, lipid-lowering drugs, etc.
· Brain death occurs earlier than conventional cardiac death. · Irreversible; life support can be discontinued once diagnosed. · No effective preventive measures exist.
· The main affected population is the elderly. · Symptoms include memory loss, emotional agitation, language disorders, etc. · Treatment mainly involves medication, with a good prognosis.
· It is recommended to seek medical attention promptly, as active treatment usually leads to a good prognosis. · Treatment includes traction, wearing a cervical collar, and surgery. · Pay attention to correcting poor neck posture and strengthening muscle exercises.
‧ It is recommended to seek medical attention promptly, hospitalization for observation is required. ‧ Treatment is generally more effective when initiated within 7 to 10 days of symptom onset. ‧ Combining etiological treatment with empirical therapy may lead to recovery in some patients.
· It is recommended to seek medical attention promptly, usually requiring hospitalization. · If the cause can be identified, treatment should be tailored accordingly. · For cases with unknown causes, empirical treatment should be administered.
· Seek medical advice; severe cases may lead to epilepsy and can be hereditary. · There is currently no specific treatment; symptoms are generally managed with medication. · Engage in 30 minutes of gentle exercise daily and avoid falls or injuries.