OVERVIEW

What is a gingival cyst?

A gingival cyst is a small, superficial cyst originating from the gingival mucosa that does not involve the alveolar bone. It can be classified into neonatal gingival cysts and adult gingival cysts.

Neonatal gingival cysts, also known as dental lamina cysts, are transient abnormalities of the oral mucosa commonly observed within 3–6 weeks after birth. Most rupture and resolve spontaneously without requiring specific treatment.

Adult gingival cysts may arise from remnants of embryonic oral epithelial structures (dental lamina). They are slightly larger than neonatal cysts and typically require surgical removal.

Are gingival cysts common?

Gingival cysts are relatively rare.

Is a gingival cyst a serious condition?

No.

SYMPTOMS

What are the symptoms of gingival cysts?

Newborn gingival cysts: Mostly appear on the gums or alveolar ridges, presenting as small white or yellow, round or oval nodules, about the size of millet grains, not exceeding 2–3 mm. They generally do not cause symptoms or discomfort.

Adult gingival cysts: Most commonly found on the gums or gingival papillae of the mandibular canines and premolars, appearing as dome-shaped swellings with a gray-blue color, often exceeding 5 mm in size, and not causing pain.

CAUSES

What are the common causes of gingival cysts?

The exact cause remains unclear. Some suggest it may be related to developmental abnormalities, while others associate it with inflammation.

DIAGNOSIS

How is a gingival cyst diagnosed?

An experienced dentist can diagnose it through a careful oral examination. Additionally, gingival cysts in adults may require pathological examination after removal to rule out certain malignant conditions.

What diseases are gingival cysts easily confused with?

Neonatal gingival cysts need to be distinguished from natal teeth and neonatal teeth, as gingival cysts resolve on their own without significant impact on the baby. However, natal and neonatal teeth may be associated with certain genetic disorders, requiring further examination and treatment.

If any abnormalities are noticed in a baby's gums, early medical consultation is advised for proper diagnosis and differentiation by a doctor.

TREATMENT

How to treat gingival cysts?

Infant gingival cysts usually do not require treatment and can resolve naturally with close observation.

Treatment for adult gingival cysts primarily depends on factors such as susceptibility to secondary infection or cosmetic concerns. Surgical excision is the only treatment method, typically followed by pathological biopsy.

Do gingival cysts recur easily?

In adults, gingival cysts rarely recur after proper surgical removal.

DIET & LIFESTYLE

What should patients with gingival cysts pay attention to in daily life?

Maintain oral hygiene, get regular dental cleanings, and visit the dental department for periodic check-ups.

PREVENTION

Can gingival cysts be prevented?

The cause of gingival cysts is currently unknown, making them difficult to prevent. However, gingival cysts are relatively rare and not a serious condition, so there is no need to worry.